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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for drug use
10 results foundAuthor: Freisthler, Bridget Title: Social Mechanisms of Child Maltreatment Summary: This article begins to describe and explicate the specific mechanisms by which substance use and the substance use environment contribute to specific types of child maltreatment. These mechanisms relating alcohol outlet densities and drug market activities to child maltreatment described here include effects on social disorganization, parent's drinking and drug use behaviors, and parental supervision. By investigating potential mechanisms, new information could be obtained on the importance and role of alcohol, drugs, and their availability in the etiology of child maltreatment. This knowledge can be used to further tailor interventions to those conditions most likely to prevent and reduce maltreatment. Details: Los Angeles: California Center for Population Research, University of California - Los Angeles, 2010. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: PSP-CCPR-2010-018: Accessed December 3, 2010 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2010-018/PWP-CCPR-2010-018.SocMech Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2010-018/PWP-CCPR-2010-018.SocMech Shelf Number: 120369 Keywords: Alcohol Outlet DensityChild Abuse and NeglectChild MaltreatmentDrug MarketsDrug UseSubstance Abuse |
Author: Fox, Andrew M. Title: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors, Drug Use, and Delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago Summary: The 2006 Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey was administered between March and June 2006. The survey contained questions that measured 16 risk factors, 13 protective factors, and involvement in delinquency, drug use, and other youth focused concerns. Students enrolled in forms three and five were targeted for the sample population. Surveys were collected from 22 schools in five districts. A total of 2,376 respondents agreed to participate in the study, for a response rate of 36% of eligible students. The Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey measured risk and protective factors in four domains: community, school, family, and peer/individual. This thesis focuses on a broad range of issues concerning crime, drugs, and other anti-social behavior among youth for the purpose of informing prevention, intervention, and suppression programming. The findings indicated that there is much room for improvement for reducing risk factors related to communities, schools, families, and individuals and their peers in Trinidad and Tobago. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University, 2008. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 21, 2012 at http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Fox_TTYS_Masters%20Thesis.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Trinidad and Tobago URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Fox_TTYS_Masters%20Thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 123718 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDrug UseJuvenile Delinquency |
Author: Howard, Lisbeth Title: Methamphetamine Use by Adult and Juvenile Arrestees in 2010 Summary: Interviews with adult and juvenile arrestees regarding drug use and other risky behaviors have been conducted by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) in San Diego since 1987. This CJ Bulletin is part of a series of four presenting Substance Abuse Monitoring (SAM) data collected in calendar year 2010. Information collected from the SAM project provides useful, objective indicators regarding meth use trends over time, as well as other information regarding treatment access, distribution, and other risky behaviors of concern. As part of this effort, all arrestees who are randomly selected to participate in the SAM project and report methamphetamine (meth) use in the past 30 days are asked to complete a meth addendum. In 2010, 172 adults and 10 juveniles completed the addendum, which includes questions that pertain to how the arrestees obtain and use meth, their involvement in distribution, the effect it has on their lives, and their participation in treatment services. In 2010, this data collection effort was generously supported by the California Border Alliance Group (CBAG), County of San Diego Alcohol and Drug Services, the District Attorney’s Office, and the Public Safety Group. Their support, as well as the cooperation of the San Diego County Sheriff’s and Probation Departments, is gratefully acknowledged. Details: San Diego, CA: Criminal Justice Division, SANDAG, 2011. 11p. Source: CJ Bulletin: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2012 at http://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1619_13747.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1619_13747.pdf Shelf Number: 123985 Keywords: Adult OffendersDrug UseJuvenile OffendersMethamphetamineSubstance Abuse |
Author: Balskus, Logan Title: Final Report Prepared for The Rural Crime & Justice Center (RCJC) by The Rural Methamphetamine Education Project (RMEP) Summary: Through analysis of existing methamphetamine-related data, RMEP identified that the prevalence of methamphetamine has leveled or decreased in some areas but continues to rise in others. - During the reporting dates November 22, 2005 through May 31, 2009, RMEP provided 720 presentations attended by 33,903 people, and 86 booth displays attended by 35,695 people. - Over 75 percent of the people surveyed after the RMEP presentation strongly agreed that their awareness regarding methamphetamine had increased. - Over 82 percent of the people surveyed strongly agreed that they would recommend the RMEP presentation to others. - Collaboration with Minot State University Chemistry department continues to explore lithium detection, effects of time and temperature on methamphetamine residual materials, effectiveness of swab detection methods for home testing, as well as the use of portable equipment for detection purposes. - Collaboration with Prairie Public Broadcasting, Inc. resulted in the production of a series of television and radio programs, outreach kits, video clips for presentations, and a website with downloadable content. - Continued presence in mentor communities throughout North Dakota will include community surveys in each mentor community. - Community surveys will assess perception of methamphetamine issues within the community and the perceived impact/benefit of RMEP's efforts within the community. - Expanding the use of digital medium to more effectively disseminate information within a rural state is one of the strategies to be explored. Details: Minot, ND: Minot State University, 2009. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 10, 2012 at http://www.minotstateu.edu/rcjc/pdf/RMEPFinalReportFY06.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.minotstateu.edu/rcjc/pdf/RMEPFinalReportFY06.pdf Shelf Number: 124299 Keywords: Drug UseMethamphetamine (North Dakota)Rural Crime |
Author: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse Title: Cannabis Regulation: Lessons Learned in Colorado and Washington State Summary: In November 2012, Colorado and Washington state became the first two US states to legalize the personal possession and retail sale of cannabis. The two states developed regulatory frameworks with many common features (e.g., minimum purchase age of 21, ban on public use), and some key differences. For example, Washington bans personal production, while Colorado permits up to five plants per household. The two states began with different contexts: Colorado had a well-established, regulated medical distribution system to build on, and Washington had no existing regulated supply. Retail sales began on January 1, 2014, in Colorado and on July 8, 2014, in Washington. To learn from evidence and experience about the legalization of cannabis for non-therapeutic use and its health, social, economic and public safety impacts, the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA) led delegations to Colorado (February 2015) and Washington state (August 2015). The delegations consisted of partners from public health, treatment and enforcement sectors. The goal was to inform the ongoing dialogue about policy options for the regulation of cannabis in Canada and internationally by observing the effects of the various models and approaches in the two states. The aim was not to take a position on the question of legalization, but to collect the best available information to support evidence-informed policy advice. To this end, the delegation met with stakeholders from a range of perspectives, including public health, regulation, government, enforcement, prevention and the cannabis industry. The overarching lesson that emerged during discussions with stakeholders was that any jurisdiction considering policy change should identify a clear purpose to drive the overall approach. In other words, begin by defining the problem to be solved and the goals to be achieved. Colorado and Washington had to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework taking a substance from criminal prohibition to retail sales. Any new regulatory system for cannabis needs to address considerations across health, public health, enforcement, criminal justice, social and economic sectors. It must account for the administration, monitoring and enforcement of all processes, including production, processing, sales, advertising and taxation. The framework also has to coordinate federal, state, district and municipal orders of government, and their respective roles in such areas as enforcement, taxation and health care. The CCSA delegation learned the following key lessons about developing a regulatory framework from stakeholders: - Reconcile medical and retail markets to promote consistency in such areas as purchase quantities and administration, and to reduce the scope of the grey market, which is the market for products produced or distributed in ways that are unauthorized or unregulated, but not strictly illegal; - Be prepared to respond to the unexpected, such as the overconsumption of edibles in Colorado and an unmanageable volume of licensing applications within a limited time frame in Washington state; - Control product formats and concentrations to ensure there are no unanticipated consequences from unregulated formats and concentrations; - Prevent commercialization through taxation, rigorous state regulation and monitoring, and controls on advertising and promotion; and - Prevent use by youth by controlling access and investing in effective health promotion, prevention, awareness and education for both youth and parents. The need to invest in effective implementation was a common message of stakeholders in both Colorado and Washington. They highlighted the value of allocating a portion of funds generated through retail sales to education, prevention, treatment and research. They also emphasized the need to ensure proactive investment to build capacity before the new regulations are implemented and retail sales begin. These investments fall into several common themes: - Take the time required to develop an effective framework for implementation and to prepare for a successful launch; (Colorado stakeholders recommended taking longer than the one-year period provided in that state. There is also a need to give retailers time to develop capacity to meet consumer demand. Washington stakeholders encountered price escalation as retailers struggled to obtain or produce product within two months of receiving licenses.) - Develop the capacity to administer the regulatory framework, recognizing that a significant investment in staff and administration is required to process licenses, conductcomprehensive inspections and address violations; - Provide strong central leadership and promote collaboration to bring diverse partners to the table from the beginning and to promote open, consistent communication and collaborative problem-solving; - Invest proactively in a public health approach that builds capacity in prevention, education and treatment before implementation to minimize negative health and social impacts associated with cannabis use; - Develop a clear, comprehensive communication strategy to convey details of the regulations prior to implementation, so that the public and other stakeholders understand what is permitted, as well as the risks and harms associated with use, so that individuals can make informed choices; - Ensure consistent enforcement of regulations by investing in training and tools for those responsible for enforcement, particularly to prevent and address impaired driving and diversion to youth, and to control the black market; - Invest in research to establish the evidence base underlying the regulations, and to address gaps in knowledge, such as new and emerging trends and patterns of use; and - Conduct rigorous, ongoing data collection, including gathering baseline data, to monitor the impact of the regulatory framework and inform gradual change to best meet policy objectives and reduce negative impacts. In summary, the consistent message CCSA heard was that any jurisdiction considering regulatory changes to cannabis policy should take the time to set up the infrastructure and allocate the resources needed to get it right, assess impacts along the way and make incremental changes, as needed. Details: Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2015. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2016 at: http://www.ccsa.ca/Resource%20Library/CCSA-Cannabis-Regulation-Lessons-Learned-Report-2015-en.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://www.ccsa.ca/Resource%20Library/CCSA-Cannabis-Regulation-Lessons-Learned-Report-2015-en.pdf Shelf Number: 138920 Keywords: CannabisDrug PolicyDrug UseMarijuanaMarijuana Legalization |
Author: Harris, Katharine Neill Title: The Drug Overdose Epidemic: Not Just about Opioids Summary: The rise in opioid-related overdose deaths in the last two decades is widely regarded as an epidemic that originated with the overprescribing of prescription pain relievers in the late 1990s. But a research study published in the September issue of Science suggests that the opioid overdose crisis is actually part of a larger trend that started 40 years ago. In the study, researchers mapped drug overdose deaths in the U.S. from 1979 through 2016. The authors analyzed data from the National Vital Statistics System on 599,255 deaths in which the main cause of death was listed as accidental drug poisoning. The authors found that drug overdose fatalities have been increasing dramatically since 1979, stating that "this exponentially increasing mortality rate has tracked along a remarkably smooth trajectory for at least 38 years," suggesting that "the current wave of opioid overdose deaths may just be the latest manifestation of a more fundamental longer term process." Within this broad trend of steady growth, there is significant variation in terms of the specific drugs involved and the populations most affected by drug overdose deaths. Currently, the population most at risk for cocaine overdose is aging black males living in urban counties, while methamphetamine-related deaths skew toward white and rural male populations. For opioid-related deaths, age is a defining feature of variation in risk patterns. Deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids are higher for people between the ages of 20 and 40, especially white males living in urban counties. In contrast, prescription opioid deaths are higher among those 40 to 60 years old, especially white females living in rural counties. Nearly every region of the country, except for the northern Midwest, has been a "hot spot" for drug overdose deaths in the last few years. Despite some limitations, this analysis provides strong evidence for the existence of a protracted drug epidemic that requires both immediate and long-term interventions. The finding that the relatively recent increase in opioid-specific overdoses may be a particularly intense manifestation of a more persistent problem implies that a major feature of the government response to opioid-involved overdoses - restricting the supply of prescription painkillers - does little to stem the overall uptick in drug-related fatalities. The fact that the increase in overdose deaths has remained constant despite varying trends for specific drugs also suggests that factors often thought to drive the overdose epidemic, such as a rise in drug use or an overabundant drug supply, are not sufficient explanations. Details: Houston, TX: Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, 2018. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 17, 2018 at: https://www.bakerinstitute.org/media/files/files/dc464f15/bi-brief-110118-drug-overdoseepidemic.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.bakerinstitute.org/media/files/files/dc464f15/bi-brief-110118-drug-overdoseepidemic.pdf Shelf Number: 153877 Keywords: Cocaine Drug OverdoseDrug UseMethamphetamineOpioid EpidemicOpioidsPrescription Drug AbuseRural CrimeSubstance Abuse |
Author: Colquhoun-Flannery, Claire Title: Examining the Efficacy of the Building Skills for Recovery (BSR) Programme for Substance-Misusing Offenders in Custody in England and Wales Summary: Building Skills for Recovery (BSR) is a substance misuse intervention that has been designed to reduce offending behaviour and dependent substance misuse with an eventual goal of recovery. As little research has been carried out to explore the efficacy of BSR, this study aimed to measure change in the treatment targets of impulsivity, locus of control and problem solving in 1,702 BSR participants in custody, particularly clinically significant change. The impact of readiness to engage in treatment on programme completion was also explored. Details: London, U.K.: Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, 2018. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 18, 2018 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/764651/examining-efficacy-building-skills-recovery-programme.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/examining-the-efficacy-of-the-building-skills-for-recovery-programme-for-substance-misusing-offenders-in-custody Shelf Number: 154065 Keywords: Building Skills RecoveryDrug AbuseDrug UseImpulsivityInterventionLocus of ControlRecidivismReduce OffendingSubstance AbuseSubstance Abuse Intervention |
Author: Stone, Katie Title: The Global State of Harm Reduction 2018 Summary: In 2008, Harm Reduction International (HRI) released the first Global State of Harm Reduction, a report that mapped responses to drug-related HIV, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis (TB) around the world for the first time. The data gathered for the report provided a critical baseline against which progress could be measured in terms of the international, regional and national recognition of harm reduction in policy and practice. Since 2008, the biennial report has become a key publication for researchers, policymakers, civil society organisations, UN agencies and advocates, mapping harm reduction policy adoption and programme implementation globally. Over the last decade, reports of injecting drug use and the harm reduction response have increased; harm reduction programmes are currently operating at some level in almost half of the 179 countries in the world where injecting drug use has been documented. With patterns of drug use globally continuing to evolve, Harm Reduction International reached out in 2017 to civil society networks across the world to ask what they wanted to see in this report. The 2018 Global State of Harm Reduction report has a broader scope, containing information on: - The number of people who inject drugs and the number of people imprisoned for drug use (where data is available). - Needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST), HIV and hepatitis C and TB testing and treatment for people who use drugs, in both the community and in prisons. - The harm reduction response for people who use amphetamine-type stimulants, cocaine and its derivatives, and new psychoactive substances. - Drug-checking in nightlife settings. - Harm reduction for women who use drugs. - Drug consumption rooms. - Drug-related mortality and morbidity and the overdose response, as well as naloxone peer distribution in the community and naloxone provision in prisons. - Developments and regressions in funding for harm reduction. This report and other Global State of Harm Reduction resources can be found at www.hri.global. Details: London: Harm Reduction International, 2018. 176p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 18, 2018 at: https://www.hri.global/files/2018/12/11/global-state-harm-reduction-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://www.hri.global/files/2018/12/11/global-state-harm-reduction-2018.pdf Shelf Number: 154070 Keywords: CocaineDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Consumption FacilitiesDrug UseHarm ReductionHIVMethamphetamineNaloxoneSubstance Abuse |
Author: Weedmaps Title: Dispelling Myths: The Facts about Marijuana Regulation Summary: Opponents of medical and adult-use cannabis laws often make bold claims about the negative impact marijuana will have on individuals and communities. Examples of these claims include arguments that marijuana is a "gateway drug," that legalization will double traffic fatalities, or that cannabis use results in increased levels of drug abuse and addiction. Establishing effective marijuana laws and regulations is a complicated process, made more difficult when elected leaders and voters lack accurate information. The following paper addresses potential sources of misinformation using the growing body of research that has emerged since the passage of state-level cannabis laws. Through a review of government publications, academic articles, third party studies, and other resources, this paper examines the five most common arguments against marijuana legalization to separate MYTH from FACT. Details: Irvine, CA: Author, 2017. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 14, 2019 at: https://wmpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/11MJ-Myth-v-Fact.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://wmpolicy.com/white-papers/ Shelf Number: 154165 Keywords: Cannabis LawsCannabis RegulationDrug UseGateway DrugMarijuana LawsMarijuana LegalizationMedical Marijuana |
Author: Reichert, Jessica Title: Addressing Opioid Use Disorders in Community Corrections: A Survey of Illinois Probation Departments Summary: Nearly one-third of Illinois probationers suffer from an opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite evidence that FDA-approved medications methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can effectively treat OUD, many probation departments do not allow their clients to use them, even when prescribed by a healthcare provider. ICJIA researchers surveyed probation departments across the state to better understand their familiarity with, and training on, the medications, as well as barriers to their clients' access and use. This article summarizes the study's findings. Details: Chicago, Illinois: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 2018. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 22, 2019 at: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/articles/addressing-opioid-use-disorders-in-community-corrections-a-survey-of-illinois-probation-departments Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/articles/addressing-opioid-use-disorders-in-community-corrections-a-survey-of-illinois-probation-departments Shelf Number: 156007 Keywords: BuprenorphineDrug AbuseDrug UseMethadoneNaltrexoneOpioid CrisisOpioid UseSubstance AbuseSubstance Use |